Used as a catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Suzuki and Heck reactions, enabling efficient carbon-carbon bond formation. Its perfluorinated aryl groups enhance stability and solubility in fluorinated solvents, making it suitable for reactions under harsh conditions. Also employed in photoredox catalysis due to its strong absorption in the visible light range. Applied in materials science for synthesizing conjugated organic polymers and in medicinal chemistry for developing porphyrin-based therapeutic agents.