Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in oxidation reactions due to its stable macrocyclic structure and redox-active metal center. It shows high efficiency in the aerobic oxidation of various substrates, including alcohols and amines. Also applied in electrochemical sensors for detecting biological molecules and environmental pollutants, leveraging its excellent electron-transfer properties. Its strong light absorption and photochemical stability make it suitable for use in photodynamic therapy and as a photosensitizer in solar energy conversion systems. Additionally, it is investigated for use in dye-sensitized solar cells and as a functional component in molecular electronics.