Widely used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in oxidation reactions. It facilitates the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons and alcohols under mild conditions. Employed in environmental applications for the degradation of organic pollutants due to its stability and reactivity in various oxidation states. Also utilized in electrochemical systems, including sensors and fuel cells, where it acts as a redox mediator. Its porphyrin-based structure allows for tunable electronic properties, making it suitable for photodynamic therapy research and light-harvesting systems.