Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high opacity and brightness. Commonly found in cosmetics like sunscreens and makeup, where it provides UV protection and a smooth texture. Used in the paper industry to improve whiteness and printability. Applied in food products as a colorant (E171) to enhance visual appeal, though regulatory scrutiny has increased in some regions. Utilized in photocatalytic applications for air and water purification, leveraging its ability to break down organic pollutants under UV light. Also serves in solar cells and self-cleaning surfaces due to its semiconductor properties.