Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high refractive index and excellent light-scattering properties. Commonly found in cosmetics like sunscreens and makeup, where it provides UV protection and opacity. Used in the paper industry to improve brightness and whiteness. Employed in food products as a food additive (E171) to enhance color, though its use in edibles is under regulatory review in some regions. Applied in photocatalytic materials for self-cleaning surfaces and air purification systems. Also utilized in solar cells and as a component in certain semiconductor devices.