Widely used as a white pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its high opacity and brightness. Commonly found in architectural and industrial paints for durable, long-lasting finishes. Used in paper manufacturing to improve whiteness and opacity, reducing show-through in printing. Also applied in ceramics and glass to enhance whiteness, opacity, and durability. Incorporated into food products as a colorant (E171) to enhance visual appeal, though regulatory scrutiny has increased in recent years. Applied in cosmetics such as sunscreens and makeup for UV protection and a smooth, opaque appearance. Utilized in photocatalytic applications, including self-cleaning surfaces, air purification systems, and wastewater treatment, where it breaks down organic pollutants under UV light. Also serves as a key component in some types of solar cells and semiconductor devices.