Used as a catalyst in hydroprocessing reactions, particularly for hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation, due to its platinum-like electronic properties. It shows high activity and stability in converting sulfur-containing compounds in crude oil, making it valuable in clean fuel production. Also applied in electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction in fuel cells and water splitting. Its hardness and wear resistance make it suitable for coatings and cutting tools in industrial applications. Gaining interest as a cost-effective alternative to noble metal catalysts in various chemical processes.