Used as a key additive in the production of advanced cemented carbides, enhancing hardness and wear resistance in cutting tools and wear-resistant parts. Widely applied in aerospace, automotive, and tooling industries for manufacturing high-performance components exposed to extreme conditions. Serves as a grain growth inhibitor during sintering, improving the mechanical strength and thermal stability of hardmetal composites. Also utilized in refractory materials and coatings requiring high melting points and chemical inertness. Emerging applications in electronic materials and advanced ceramics due to its excellent electrical conductivity and fine microstructure.