U0126-EtOH is primarily used as a selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2, which are key components of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. This pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, making U0126-EtOH a valuable tool in biomedical research. It is widely employed in studies focusing on cancer biology, as inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway can help suppress tumor growth and understand the mechanisms of oncogenesis. Additionally, U0126-EtOH is used in neuroscience research to investigate the role of ERK signaling in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Its application extends to studying inflammatory diseases, where the MAPK pathway is often dysregulated. Researchers also utilize U0126-EtOH in cell culture experiments to dissect signaling pathways and explore potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.