Used in targeted drug delivery systems due to their uniform size and magnetic responsiveness, enabling precise control and release of therapeutic agents under external magnetic fields. Their surface-functionalized structure allows for easy attachment of drugs, antibodies, or imaging agents, making them suitable for biomedical applications such as cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement. Also employed in environmental remediation for selective adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions or organic pollutants from water, where the magnetic property simplifies recovery after treatment. Additionally, applied in enzyme immobilization for biocatalysis, providing high surface area and stability for improved reaction efficiency.