Used in targeted drug delivery systems due to their uniform size and magnetic responsiveness, enabling precise control and release of therapeutic agents under external magnetic fields. Their high surface area and functional groups allow efficient loading of drugs, proteins, or enzymes. Commonly applied in biomedical research for cell separation, immunoassays, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement. Also utilized in environmental applications for selective adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions or organic pollutants from water. The microspheres’ stability and tunable surface chemistry make them suitable for catalysis support and reusable separation processes in industrial settings.