Used in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, where the nanoparticles are guided to specific sites in the body using external magnetic fields. Commonly employed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as contrast agents to enhance image clarity. Applied in hyperthermia treatment for cancer, where alternating magnetic fields generate heat to destroy tumor cells. Utilized in biosensing and diagnostic assays due to their ability to bind with biomolecules and be separated magnetically. Also used in environmental remediation for the removal of pollutants and heavy metals from water through magnetic separation. Suitable for in vitro and in vivo studies with surface modifications to improve biocompatibility and functionalization.