HEPES Lysis Buffer with NP-40 is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry for cell lysis and protein extraction. Its balanced pH stability, provided by HEPES, ensures optimal conditions for maintaining protein integrity during the extraction process. The inclusion of NP-40, a nonionic detergent, effectively disrupts cell membranes while preserving protein-protein interactions and minimizing denaturation. This buffer is particularly useful for isolating membrane-bound proteins, nuclear proteins, and cytoplasmic proteins from various cell types. It is also employed in immunoprecipitation assays, Western blotting, and other downstream applications where maintaining protein functionality is critical. Additionally, its compatibility with protease and phosphatase inhibitors makes it ideal for studying post-translational modifications and signaling pathways.