Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate is primarily used in the medical field as a treatment for bipolar disorder. It helps stabilize mood swings by influencing neurotransmitter activity in the brain. This compound is often preferred over other lithium salts due to its better solubility and absorption in the body. Additionally, it is utilized in research settings to study the effects of lithium on cellular processes and neurological functions. Its controlled administration is crucial to avoid potential side effects, making it a key component in psychiatric therapy.