Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid essential for various biochemical processes, particularly in inflammation and cell signaling. It is used in cell culture media to support the growth and differentiation of mammalian cells, particularly in stem cell and tissue engineering applications.

Plays a role in inflammation and immune response studies due to its involvement in eicosanoid production, serving as a precursor for prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes that regulate inflammation, pain, fever, and blood clotting.

Employed in research on lipid signaling pathways, including those related to cardiovascular health, brain function, and cancer. Serves as a substrate in enzyme assays involving cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Also utilized in dermatological research for skin barrier function and inflammatory skin conditions.

In the food industry, it is added to infant formulas to support neurological and visual development, as it is a precursor for brain cells and retinal formation.