Widely used as a Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis, enabling efficient and selective transformations under mild conditions. Particularly effective in promoting carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, including Friedel-Crafts acylations, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, and glycosidation reactions. Exhibits high stability and reusability in aqueous and protic environments, making it suitable for green chemistry applications. Also employed in luminescent materials and coordination polymers due to its strong coordination ability and unique electronic properties.