SB 239063 is a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a key enzyme involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Due to its ability to suppress the activity of this signaling pathway, it has been widely used in research to study inflammatory processes. It shows significant potential in models of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

In preclinical studies, SB 239063 demonstrated efficacy in reducing the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and other mediators of inflammation. It has also been investigated for its neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases, where chronic inflammation contributes to disease progression. Additionally, it has been used as a tool compound to explore the role of p38 MAPK in cellular responses to stress, apoptosis, and immune regulation.

Its high selectivity and cell permeability make it valuable in pharmacological research, particularly in validating p38 MAPK as a therapeutic target and in the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.