RepSox is widely used in stem cell research for its ability to promote cellular reprogramming. It enables the conversion of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by replacing the transcription factor Sox2, one of the Yamanaka factors. This makes it a valuable tool in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. It functions by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway, specifically targeting ALK5 kinase, which helps in reducing cell differentiation signals and supports the maintenance of pluripotency. Due to this mechanism, RepSox enhances the efficiency and speed of reprogramming while reducing the need for genetic manipulation. In addition to reprogramming, RepSox has shown potential in promoting tissue repair and modulating immune responses. It is also explored in cancer research for its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, which is critical in tumor progression and metastasis. Its small molecule nature allows for easy handling and reversible effects, making it suitable for experimental and therapeutic development in various biomedical fields.