Used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. It acts as a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), designed to target both activating EGFR mutations and the T790M resistance mutation that often develops after first-line therapy. Due to its selective inhibition, it provides a therapeutic option for patients who have progressed on earlier EGFR inhibitors. Olmutinib is taken orally and has shown efficacy in shrinking tumors and prolonging progression-free survival in clinical trials. Its development addresses the need for treatments with better specificity and reduced side effects compared to earlier generation inhibitors.