LY2409881 is a small molecule inhibitor primarily investigated for its role in modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, which plays a key role in inflammation, immune responses, and cancer progression. Its main application lies in oncology research, where it is used to study tumor growth suppression, particularly in hematological malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia. By inhibiting IKKβ (IκB kinase beta), LY2409881 prevents the activation of NF-κB, thereby promoting cancer cell apoptosis and reducing resistance to chemotherapy. It has also been explored in preclinical models for its potential to enhance the efficacy of other anticancer agents, especially in tumors dependent on chronic NF-κB activation. Additionally, due to the involvement of NF-κB in inflammatory diseases, LY2409881 serves as a research tool in studying inflammatory pathways, although its primary focus remains in cancer therapeutics. Its use is currently limited to laboratory and experimental settings, aiding in target validation and mechanistic studies.