Used in research to block the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), which are involved in cellular stress responses, apoptosis, and inflammation. Commonly applied in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, to assess neuronal protection. Also utilized in cancer research to investigate the role of JNK signaling in tumor cell survival and death. Applied in immunology and inflammatory disease models, including arthritis and ischemia-reperfusion injury, to evaluate reduction in inflammation. Typically used in vitro with cell cultures or in vivo in animal models to modulate JNK pathway activity.