GW 2580 is a selective inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), which plays a key role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages. Due to its targeted action, GW 2580 is widely used in research settings to study the role of macrophages in various disease models. It has shown utility in inflammation studies, particularly in models of rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, and atherosclerosis, where macrophage activity contributes to disease progression. In neuroscience research, GW 2580 helps investigate microglial function, as microglia are the brain’s resident macrophages dependent on CSF1R signaling. The compound is also employed in oncology research to explore the impact of tumor-associated macrophages on cancer growth and immune evasion. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier makes it especially valuable for central nervous system-related studies. Overall, GW 2580 serves as a critical tool for dissecting CSF1R-dependent pathways in immune regulation and chronic diseases.