GSK2606414 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) pathway, which plays a key role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). It is primarily used in research settings to study cellular stress responses, particularly in models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and prion diseases. By inhibiting PERK, GSK2606414 modulates the downstream signaling that controls protein synthesis and cell survival under stress conditions. This compound has shown potential in preclinical studies to reduce neuronal loss by preventing prolonged translational suppression and apoptosis in stressed cells. It is also used to investigate the role of ER stress in cancer, as tumor cells often exploit the UPR to survive in harsh microenvironments. However, due to its broad effects on protein synthesis and potential toxicity, its use remains limited to experimental models and not for clinical application. GSK2606414 serves as a valuable tool for understanding disease mechanisms involving proteostasis imbalance and for identifying new therapeutic targets.