GNE 390 is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective inhibitor of the kinase enzyme TAK1 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta-Activated Kinase 1). Its main application lies in studying inflammatory and immune signaling pathways, particularly those involving NF-κB and MAPK, which are critical in autoimmune diseases and cancer progression. Due to its ability to modulate TAK1-dependent cellular responses, GNE 390 serves as a valuable tool compound for validating TAK1 as a therapeutic target. It is also employed in preclinical studies to assess the impact of TAK1 inhibition on cell survival, cytokine production, and tumor growth, supporting the development of new anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies.