ETP-46464 is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective inhibitor of the DNA damage response pathway, specifically targeting the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinases. Its main application lies in oncology research, where it is employed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents such as radiation and certain chemotherapeutics. By inhibiting ATM/ATR signaling, ETP-46464 disrupts the cell’s ability to repair DNA, leading to increased apoptosis in rapidly dividing tumor cells. It is particularly valuable in studies exploring synthetic lethality and combination therapies in cancers with defective DNA repair mechanisms, such as those with BRCA mutations. Due to its research-focused utility, ETP-46464 is not used clinically but serves as a critical tool compound in preclinical drug development and mechanistic studies of cellular response to genotoxic stress.