Canertinib is primarily used in cancer research as a potent irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, including HER1, HER2, and HER4. It has been investigated for its potential in treating various solid tumors, particularly those involving overexpression or mutations in EGFR, such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck cancers. By blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of these receptors, Canertinib inhibits downstream signaling pathways that drive cell proliferation, survival, and tumor progression. Its irreversible binding mechanism allows for sustained inhibition even after the drug is cleared from the system, which may enhance antitumor efficacy and overcome certain resistance mechanisms seen with reversible inhibitors. Although it has shown promise in preclinical studies, its clinical development has been limited due to challenges with toxicity and selectivity.