Afatinib dimaleate is used as a targeted therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in patients with specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. It acts as an irreversible inhibitor of the EGFR family (HER1, HER2, and HER4), blocking signaling pathways that drive cancer cell growth and survival. This makes it effective in slowing tumor progression and improving progression-free survival in eligible patients. It is commonly prescribed for metastatic NSCLC when genetic testing confirms sensitizing EGFR mutations. Afatinib dimaleate is taken orally and is preferred in certain clinical scenarios over first-generation EGFR inhibitors due to its broader receptor targeting and irreversible binding mechanism.