OSI-906 is primarily used in the field of oncology as an investigational drug targeting certain types of cancer. It functions as a dual inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the insulin receptor (IR), which are often implicated in the growth and survival of cancer cells. This makes it a potential therapeutic option for cancers where these receptors are overactive or mutated, such as in certain cases of breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in combination with other treatments or as a standalone therapy, particularly in patients with advanced or refractory tumors. Its ability to disrupt signaling pathways that promote tumor growth and resistance to treatment highlights its potential in improving outcomes for cancer patients. Ongoing research continues to evaluate its safety, optimal dosing, and effectiveness across various cancer types.