Vepafestinib is primarily used in oncology for treating cancers with ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) gene mutations, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It works by inhibiting the abnormal ALK protein, which helps slow or stop cancer cell growth. Studies also demonstrate its efficacy in other ALK-mutated cancers. Vepafestinib is typically used when patients do not respond to other treatments or when cancer develops resistance.