XMD16-5 is primarily used in research settings as a selective inhibitor of the ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) signaling pathway. Its application is significant in studying cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, particularly in the context of cancer biology. By inhibiting ERK5, XMD16-5 helps researchers understand the role of this kinase in tumor growth and survival, potentially aiding in the development of targeted cancer therapies. Additionally, it is utilized in pharmacological studies to explore the effects of ERK5 inhibition on inflammatory responses and cardiovascular diseases, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies.