URMC-099 is primarily used in research settings to study its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation. It acts as a kinase inhibitor, targeting mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), which plays a role in signaling pathways associated with inflammation and cell death. Researchers are exploring its application in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, as it has shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation and protecting neuronal cells. Additionally, URMC-099 is being investigated for its potential to enhance the efficacy of antiretroviral therapies in HIV treatment by addressing neuroinflammation and improving cognitive function. Its ability to modulate immune responses and promote cell survival makes it a valuable tool in preclinical studies aimed at developing novel treatments for complex diseases.