SB-423562 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), an enzyme critical for DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoint regulation in cellular signaling pathways. It is primarily utilized in research settings to investigate mechanisms of cancer progression, where Chk1 overexpression contributes to tumor cell survival and resistance to DNA-damaging therapies. Researchers employ SB-423562 to explore therapeutic strategies, such as sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy by abrogating the G2/M checkpoint, thereby promoting apoptosis. Its role extends to pharmacological studies assessing the specificity and efficacy of Chk1-targeted inhibitors, aiding in the development of novel oncology treatments. While some studies suggest potential applications in inflammatory disorders due to Chk1's involvement in immune signaling, its primary use is in cancer research. Application is confined to laboratory environments to advance understanding of biochemical processes in health and disease.