SB 202190 monohydrochloride hydrate is primarily used in biochemical and pharmacological research due to its role as a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. This compound is widely applied in studies investigating cellular signaling pathways, particularly those involving stress responses, inflammation, and apoptosis. It helps researchers understand the mechanisms of p38 MAP kinase in various disease models, including autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Additionally, it is utilized in drug discovery efforts to develop targeted therapies that modulate p38 MAP kinase activity. Its application extends to in vitro and in vivo experiments, providing insights into cellular behavior and potential therapeutic interventions.