PKR-IN-2 is primarily utilized in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Its application is significant in studying the role of PKR in cellular stress responses, particularly in the context of viral infections, apoptosis, and immune regulation. Researchers employ PKR-IN-2 to elucidate the mechanisms by which PKR modulates signaling pathways, such as the eIF2α pathway, which is crucial for controlling protein synthesis under stress conditions. Additionally, it is used to explore the potential therapeutic implications of PKR inhibition in diseases where PKR activity is dysregulated, including certain cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. The compound serves as a valuable tool for dissecting the complex interplay between PKR and cellular processes, aiding in the development of targeted therapies.