Mps1-IN-1 dihydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study cell division and cancer biology. It functions as a potent inhibitor of Mps1 (Monopolar spindle 1), a kinase crucial for the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. By inhibiting Mps1, it disrupts proper chromosome alignment and segregation, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. This makes it a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms of mitotic errors and exploring potential therapeutic strategies for cancers characterized by chromosomal instability. Researchers also use it to evaluate the efficacy of targeting Mps1 in preclinical models, aiding in the development of novel anticancer therapies.