MLN8054 is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly as an inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, an enzyme involved in cell division. By targeting this kinase, it aims to disrupt the proliferation of cancer cells, making it a candidate for treating various malignancies. Research has focused on its application in solid tumors and hematologic cancers, where uncontrolled cell division is a hallmark. Additionally, it is studied in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance efficacy and overcome drug resistance. Its role in clinical trials underscores its potential as a targeted therapy in oncology.