4-Oxohexanoic acid is primarily used in organic synthesis as an intermediate for the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals. It plays a role in the synthesis of complex molecules, particularly in the development of fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Additionally, it is utilized in research settings for studying reaction mechanisms and developing new synthetic pathways. Its carbonyl and carboxylic acid functional groups make it a versatile building block for creating compounds with diverse applications in medicinal chemistry and material science.