Ilginatinib maleate (NS-018 maleate) is a selective Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor primarily investigated for the treatment of myelofibrosis, a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis and disrupted blood cell production. It targets the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is frequently dysregulated due to JAK2 mutations (e.g., V617F) in such disorders. By inhibiting JAK2, it reduces splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms like fatigue and anemia, and may improve overall survival. Clinical trials have also explored its efficacy in other JAK2-mutated hematologic malignancies, such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. As an oral targeted therapy, it represents a promising option for patients with limited alternatives, though it remains in investigational stages.