Used as a phosphorescent emitter in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly in display and lighting technologies. Its strong spin-orbit coupling enables efficient conversion of electrical energy into light, resulting in high device efficiency. Commonly employed in red or near-infrared emitting layers due to its tunable emission properties. Also investigated in photocatalytic reactions and as a sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells owing to its long-lived excited states and photochemical stability.