XE-991 is primarily used in research settings to study the function and regulation of potassium channels, particularly the Kv7 family, which are crucial for controlling neuronal excitability. By inhibiting these channels, XE-991 helps scientists understand their role in various physiological processes, such as neurotransmitter release and action potential generation. This compound is also utilized in investigations related to neurological disorders, including epilepsy and neuropathic pain, as Kv7 channels are implicated in these conditions. Additionally, XE-991 serves as a tool in electrophysiological experiments to dissect the mechanisms underlying potassium channel activity and their potential as therapeutic targets.