Elesclomol is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer treatment, particularly in targeting oxidative stress mechanisms in cancer cells. It works by inducing oxidative stress, leading to cell death in malignant cells, which are often more susceptible to oxidative damage than normal cells. This property makes it a candidate for use in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their efficacy. Clinical trials have explored its application in treating various cancers, including melanoma, where it has shown promise in improving progression-free survival when used alongside traditional therapies. Research continues to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in broader oncological applications.