Amonafide is primarily used in the field of oncology as an investigational chemotherapeutic agent. It functions by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting the replication of cancer cells. This mechanism makes it particularly effective in targeting rapidly dividing cells, a hallmark of many cancers. Clinical studies have explored its potential in treating various types of malignancies, including breast cancer and acute leukemia. Despite its promising anticancer properties, Amonafide has faced challenges related to toxicity and side effects, which have limited its widespread clinical adoption. Ongoing research aims to optimize its therapeutic index and explore its use in combination therapies to enhance efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.