YM-155 hydrochloride is primarily investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, particularly as a survivin inhibitor. Survivin is a protein that plays a crucial role in cell division and is often overexpressed in cancer cells, making it a target for therapeutic intervention. By inhibiting survivin, YM-155 hydrochloride can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. It has been studied in various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and lymphoma, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing, though further research is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential and application in oncology.