Ethyl 2-cyano-3-ethoxybut-2-enoate is primarily used in organic synthesis as a versatile intermediate. It plays a key role in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds, which are essential in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The compound is often employed in cyclization reactions to form pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives, which are common structures in many active pharmaceutical ingredients. Additionally, it is utilized in the synthesis of fine chemicals and specialty materials, contributing to the development of dyes, pigments, and polymers. Its reactivity with various nucleophiles and electrophiles makes it a valuable building block in the creation of complex organic molecules.