Mitiglinide calcium is primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions as a rapid-acting insulin secretagogue, stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. This helps to control blood sugar levels, particularly after meals, by enhancing the body's natural insulin response. It is often prescribed for patients who require better postprandial glucose control and is typically taken before meals. Due to its quick onset and short duration of action, it is effective in managing meal-related blood sugar spikes without causing prolonged hypoglycemia. It is commonly used as part of a comprehensive diabetes management plan, which may include diet, exercise, and other medications.