Polygodial is a sesquiterpene dialdehyde primarily known for its potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. It is commonly used in agricultural settings as a natural pesticide to protect crops from various pests, including insects and fungi, by disrupting the cellular membranes of target organisms, offering an effective alternative to synthetic chemicals. In the food industry, polygodial serves as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of perishable products by inhibiting microbial growth. Its potential in medical applications is under research, including as an antimicrobial agent against resistant bacterial strains, anti-inflammatory compound for conditions like arthritis or skin irritations, and even anticancer agent due to its cytotoxic effects. Additionally, in the cosmetics industry, it may be incorporated as an ingredient to prevent microbial growth that causes skin issues.