Nanchangmycin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic primarily recognized for its potent insecticidal and acaricidal properties, making it highly effective in controlling agricultural pests such as lepidopteran larvae and mites, which cause significant damage to crops. It works by disrupting calcium channels in the insect's cells, leading to paralysis and death. This mechanism positions it as a valuable tool in integrated pest management, reducing reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides and supporting sustainable farming. Research also explores its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, with potential applications in developing new antibiotics. Additionally, studies have investigated its veterinary uses for parasitic infections in livestock and preliminary bioactivity against certain cancer cell lines, though these are secondary to its primary pesticidal role. Its specificity and unique mode of action underscore its importance in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and emerging biomedical research.