Used as a dopant in scintillation materials for radiation detection, particularly in medical imaging and nuclear physics.

Employed in the production of fluoride glass for use in optical fibers and infrared optics due to its low phonon energy.

Serves as a component in catalysts for automotive exhaust treatment and industrial chemical processes.

Utilized in the manufacturing of phosphors for lamps and display technologies.

Applied in metallurgy as an additive to improve the castability and mechanical properties of aluminum and magnesium alloys.