Used in the production of bismuth metal and its compounds, particularly in metallurgical processes where bismuth is recovered or refined. Serves as a catalyst or intermediate in certain chemical reactions, especially in sulfuric acid-based systems. Applied in some specialty ceramics and glass formulations to modify physical properties such as thermal expansion and clarity. Investigated for use in electrochemical applications due to its ionic conductivity under specific conditions. Also found in limited pharmaceutical research for bismuth-based therapeutic agents, though less common than other bismuth salts.