Used primarily in the semiconductor industry for etching silicon wafers due to its ability to dissolve glass and silicon oxides. Commonly applied in petroleum refining to promote alkylation reactions for high-octane fuel production. Employed in metal cleaning and pickling processes to remove oxides and scale from stainless steel and other alloys. Utilized in the manufacture of fluorocarbons and refrigerants. Also found in rust removers and household cleaning products for dissolving mineral deposits. Requires extreme handling precautions due to high toxicity and corrosivity, especially because it can penetrate skin and decalcify bone.